Chicken manure as an organic fertilizer: composting technologies and impact on soil properties (a review)

Chicken manure and composts derived from it are valuable organic fertilizers that have a positive impact on soil fertility significantly enhance crop yields. However, the application of fresh can lead to excessive concentrations nitrogen other nutrients in soil, as well contamination with microorganisms pathogenic humans animals. Therefore, is recommended compost chicken prior its use agriculture. This review examines composition properties manure, techniques involved composting, influence physical, chemical, biological soil. The utilization composted results increased levels carbon (on average by 1–1.5%), (by 0.1–0.2%), biophilic elements. Moreover, improves various physical such porosity, aeration, density. Levels pH increase 0.2–0.4), electrical conductivity 2–2.5 times), quantity water-resistant aggregates 5–10%). these also promotes activity, microbial diversity, biomass 25–75%), enzymatic activity (phosphatase catalase 5–7 times, urease 3–5 times). When incorporated into significant (2–4 times) population bacteria phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria observed. necessity investigating effects chemical storage matter, pore space, ecotrophic structure microbiome discussed.